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Embeddings are vector representations that encode the meaning and relationships of data like words or images. They map items into continuous spaces where similar entities are close, powering NLP, vision, and recommendation systems.
This article explores the evolution and key design choices in training multimodal vision language models (VLMs). It examines two main architectural approaches: cross-attention (pioneered by Flamingo) and self-attention (used in FROMAGe and BLIP2). We highlight how most modern VLMs build upon pre-trained unimodal backbones rather than training from scratch and discuss various techniques to boost performance, including masked training and resolution adaptation. It also outlines the typical three-stage training process: pre-training, supervised fine-tuning, and alignment, each serving distinct purposes in model development.
The B200 is up to 57% faster for model training than the H100, up to 10x cheaper to run when self-hosted, and we’ve broken down all the costs, performance metrics, and power consumption data inside.
Discover the leading computer vision tools of 2025 in data labeling, curation, model development, deployment, and MLOps. An in-depth, technical review for ML engineers seeking the best open-source and enterprise solutions.
Learn what self-supervised learning is and how engineers can use it to train AI models with minimal labeled data. This guide explores key techniques, real-world applications, and the benefits of self-supervised learning in computer vision and machine learning.
Data Curation &Â Labeling
Curate, label and manage your data in one place
Self-Supervised Pretraining
Leverage self-supervised learning to pretrain models
Smart Data Capturing on Device
Find only the most valuable data directly on device
Experience the power of automated data curation with Lightly
See benchmarks comparing real-world pretraining strategies inside. No fluff.